Hurricane Response Guide for Environmental Public Health Professionals
Assure the Safety and Integrity of Water Systems Aligns to EPHEPR Function 3
Hurricanes pose significant threats to water systems, potentially compromising the safety and availability of drinking water for affected populations. The powerful winds, storm surge, and flooding associated with hurricanes can damage water infrastructure, contaminate water sources, and disrupt water treatment and distribution systems. Key hurricane-related challenges to water systems include: 1. Physical damage to water treatment plants, distribution pipes, and pumping stations 2. Contamination of water sources with flood waters, sewage, or chemical pollutants 3. Power outages affecting water treatment and distribution 4. Saltwater intrusion into freshwater sources in coastal areas 5. Increased demand for safe water due to disruptions in normal supply chains 6. Disruptions to water at restaurants, retail food establishments, schools, childcare, healthcare facilities and other institutions like jails or correctional facilities Tasks Assess water system infrastructure, including treatment plants, distribution networks, storage tanks, and pump stations, for damage, leaks, or potential contamination sources due to flooding, power outages, or debris. Identify potential resources to conduct water quality testing (e.g., local health department environmental labs, private labs, or state, tribal, local, and territorial (STLT) or federal agencies). Implement a water quality testing program to monitor for contaminants such as bacteria, viruses, chemicals (Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) from the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), and debris in water sources, treatment facilities, and distribution systems. Advise on proper water system disinfection by increasing chlorine levels or using alternative disinfectants as needed. Issue boil water advisories (BWAs) or do not drink/use orders if water quality is not confirmed safe, providing clear instructions to the public (see CDC Drinking Water Advisory Communication Toolkit ). Assess the status of power supplies and backup generators for water treatment plants and pumping stations. Assist in identifying damaged equipment to restore the water system to full operational capacity. Identify key users (e.g., hospitals, pre-planned shelter locations, long-term care facilities, dialysis centers) that may have impacted water systems. Establish communication and coordination with emergency management agencies, public health authorities, and other stakeholders to coordinate a response and ensure accurate public information. Assess risks and coordinate with restaurants, grocery stores, and other retail food facilities that may not be able to operate due to water safety issues. Identify and establish alternative water sources, such as bottled water distribution sites or temporary treatment systems, if necessary. Coordinate the removal of debris or potential contamination sources from water sources, treatment facilities, and distribution systems to prevent further contamination. Assess and address the needs of private well owners, who may face unique challenges after a hurricane. Conduct long-term monitoring of water quality, as some contaminants may not be immediately apparent. Coordinate with local utilities and government agencies for system repairs and restoration. Educate the public on safe water practices during the emergency, including proper storage, treatment, and use of water from alternative sources.
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