NEHA March 2025 Journal of Environmental Health

ADVANCEMENT OF THE SCIENCE

TABLE 3

Results of t -Tests Comparing High-Touch Surfaces in the Bathroom Area

Surface

Aerobic Plate Count

Coliforms

Staphylococcus aureus M SD SEM t

ATP Meter

M SD SEM t

M SD SEM t

M SD SEM t

Toilet handle before 1.72 0.90 0.29 1.622 0.30 0.00 0.00 -1.769 1.76 0.71 0.22 4.176 *** 76 83

26 2.070 *

Toilet handle after Toilet seat before

1.13 0.81 0.26

0.79 0.88 0.28

0.76 0.62 0.20

31

35

11

1.57 1.14 0.36 1.429 0.30 0.00 0.00 -1.000 1.48 1.18 0.37 2.937 ** 292 684 216 1.148

Toilet seat after

0.92 0.85 0.27

0.50 0.63 0.20

0.64 0.58 0.18

42

30

10

Amenity tray before 1.67 1.08 0.34 0.453 0.37 0.22 0.07 -2.234 * 1.51 1.15 0.36 0.447 76 80

25 0.851

Amenity tray after 21 Bathroom sink before 2.19 1.24 0.39 1.321 0.40 0.32 0.10 -1.321 1.64 1.20 0.38 1.200 166 317 100 1.198 Bathroom sink after 1.68 0.81 0.26 0.67 0.78 0.25 1.13 0.66 0.21 43 49 15 Sink faucet handles before 2.16 0.99 0.31 2.083 * 0.37 0.22 0.07 -2.748 * 1.86 1.15 0.36 5.019 *** 154 83 26 4.608 *** Sink faucet handles after 1.29 1.04 0.33 0.92 0.74 0.23 0.89 0.90 0.28 61 43 14 Bathroom floor before 2.42 1.14 0.36 2.105 * 0.55 0.79 0.25 -1.719 2.07 1.38 0.44 3.223 ** 122 115 36 1.030 Bathroom floor after 1.36 1.10 0.35 1.00 0.95 0.30 0.94 0.82 0.26 73 84 27 Shower floor before 3.74 1.03 0.32 5.362 *** 1.86 1.46 0.46 1.908 * 3.17 1.08 0.34 4.690 *** 122 120 38 2.142 * Shower floor after 2.26 0.52 0.16 0.96 0.77 0.24 1.26 0.88 0.28 46 38 12 Toilet paper holder before 1.68 1.03 0.33 0.868 0.44 0.30 0.09 -1.369 1.49 0.81 0.25 2.762 * 22 16 5 2.029 * 1.53 1.03 0.33 1.05 0.87 0.27 1.24 1.53 0.48 48 65

Toilet paper holder after

1.26 0.87 0.27

0.83 0.96 0.30

0.81 0.73 0.23

13

12

4

Bathroom light switch before Bathroom light switch after Doorknob inside bathroom before Doorknob inside bathroom after Doorknob outside bathroom before Doorknob outside bathroom after Toilet bowl before Toilet bowl after Hair dryer before

1.12 0.81 0.26 0.086 0.30 0.00 0.00 -1.475 1.45 0.80 0.25 3.188 ** 179 167 53 1.891 *

1.08 0.93 0.29

0.66 0.77 0.24

0.63 0.57 0.18

94

70

22

1.67 0.90 0.28 1.252 0.30 0.00 0.00 -2.034 * 1.73 0.97 0.31 4.881 *** 60 50

16 -0.407

1.23 0.80 0.25

0.88 0.90 0.29

0.68 0.52 0.16

75 118 37

1.57 0.90 0.29 0.254 0.30 0.00 0.00 -1.494 1.13 0.90 0.28 1.947 * 105 68

21 1.863 *

1.48 0.76 0.24

0.69 0.83 0.26

0.44 0.44 0.14

58

52

17

1.55 0.76 0.24 1.237 0.50 0.63 0.20 -1.207 0.92 0.73 0.23 0.916 735 2234 706 1.026

1.10 0.82 0.26

0.93 0.77 0.24

0.75 0.65 0.21

16

18

6

1.45 0.77 0.24 -1.321 0.30 0.00 0.00 -2.519 * 0.99 0.68 0.22 0.211 51 31

10 -1.580

Hair dryer after 17 Vanity surface before 2.61 0.79 0.30 4.420 ** 0.30 0.00 0.00 -1.333 2.19 1.12 0.42 4.796 ** 200 350 124 0.956 Vanity surface after 1.36 0.69 0.26 0.70 0.79 0.30 0.81 0.51 0.19 76 47 16 Shower handle before 0.97 0.85 0.32 0.359 0.30 0.00 0.00 -1.000 0.71 0.72 0.27 1.002 21 21 7 0.334 Shower handle after 0.77 0.85 0.32 0.60 0.79 0.30 0.40 0.26 0.10 16 31 11 1.87 0.66 0.21 1.04 0.93 0.29 0.93 0.72 0.23 71 52

* p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001, n = 10, df = 9. Note. ATP = adenosine triphosphate.

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Volume 87 • Number 7

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