FIGURE 1 continued
Two-Dimensional Isotope Ratio Plots for Whole Blood and Environmental Lead Sources Sampled for Lead Isotope Analysis for Cases 1–6
Case 3
A 1.90 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.00 2.02 2.04 2.06 2.08 2.10 0.76 0.77 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.83 Livi ng R oom F loor Blood
21.00
B
20.50
F ront Porch E ntry F loor
20.00
Back Stairwell Windowsill
19.50
Livi ng R oom F loor
19.00
Back Stairwell Windowsill Blood
F ront Porch E ntry F loor
18.50
18.00
0.84 0.85 0.86
15.55 15.60 15.65 15.70 15.75 15.80 15.85 15.90
207 Pb/ 206 Pb
207 Pb/ 204 Pb
Tap Water
Wipes
Soil
Pipes
Paint
Blood
Tap Water
Wipes
Soil
Pipes
Paint
Blood
Case 4
2.16
B 17.20 17.40 17.60 17.80 18.00 18.20 18.40 18.60 18.80 19.00 19.20 15.3 5 15.40 15.45 15.50 15.55 15.60 15.65 15.70 15.75 15.80 Black Pepper Tu rmeric Chili Powder Cilantro Powder A saf etida Mang o Powder Blood
A
A saf etida
Mang o Powder
2.14
Tu rmeric
Chili Powder
Blood
2.12
Black Pepper
Cilantro Powder
2.10
2.08
2.06
2.04
0.82 0.83
0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.91
207 Pb/ 206 Pb
207 Pb/ 204 Pb
Tap Water
Wipes
Spices
Blood
Tap Water
Wipes
Spices
Blood
continued on page 12
blood isotopes when all ratios were con- sidered. These items (samples 5, 10, and 4) were also identified as the play areas from the questionnaire. LIA suggested the child ingested deteriorating lead-based paint via hand-to-mouth behavior while playing at the windows. After 6 months, the child’s BLL was 15 µg/dl, and 9 months after the initial BLL, the family’s
home was remediated and passed clearance. Furthermore, 1.5 years after the initial BLL, the child’s venous BLL decreased to 4 µg/dl. Case 2 Case 2 involved a male at 24 months with a venous BLL of 14 µg/dl. The risk assess- ment found lead-based paint above accept- able limits on the windows, doors, walls, and
trim of the home. The dust wipes with the highest concentrations were from the living room windowsill (10,000 µg/ft 2 ) and back entry floor (10,000 µg/ft 2 ). Questionnaire responses indicated that the child ate in the dining room and played in the living room. Blood PbIR were similar to the street lateral water pipe (sample 9) but dissimilar to tap water (samples 1 and 2) and the floor lateral
11
May 2023 • Journal of Environmental Health
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