ADVANCEMENT OF THE SCIENCE
FIGURE 1
Two-Dimensional Isotope Ratio Plots for Whole Blood and Environmental Lead Sources Sampled for Lead Isotope Analysis for Cases 1–6
Case 1
22.00
2.10
B
21.50
2.05
Child' s Bedroom Trou g h
21.00
Blood Second
Blood Initial
2.00
20.50
Livi ng R oom F ront Trou g h Child' s Window Ja mb
Blood Initial
Livi ng R oom F ront Trou g h Child' s Window Ja mb
20.00
1.95
Blood Second
19.50
Child' s Bedroom Trou g h
1.90
19.00
1.85
18.50
0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86
15.60 15.65 15.70 15.75 15.80 15.85 15.90 15.95
207 Pb/ 206 Pb
207 Pb/ 204 Pb
Tap Water
Wipes
Solder
Soil
Paint
Blood Initial
Blood Second
Tap Water
Wipes
Solder
Soil
Paint
Blood Initial
Blood Second
Case 2
2.12
20.00
A
B
2.10
F ront Porch
19.50
2.08
Street Lateral
R ear Stairwell F loor
D ining R oom Window Sill
2.06
19.00
Child' s Bedroom Carpet
Blood
2.04
Child' s Bedroom Carpet
D ining R oom Window Sill
18.50
2.02
F ront Porch
Street Lateral
Blood
R ear Stairwell F loor
2.00
18.00
1.98
17.50
1.96
15.55
15.60
15.65
15.70
15.75
15.80
0.79 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.83
0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88
207 Pb/ 206 Pb
207 Pb/ 204 Pb
Tap Water
Wipes
Soil
Pipes
Paint
Blood
Tap Water
Wipes
Soil
Pipes
Paint
Blood
continued
Results
the kitchen window (220 µg/ft 2 ). The HUD questionnaire determined that the child played at her bedroom window and on the living room floor and ate in the living room. LIA indicated that the PbIR of the water (samples 1 and 2), soil (sample 9), solder (sample 8), and floors (samples 3, 6, and 7) did not match those of blood specimens (Table 1). The sample closest to the initial
blood isotope (sample 12) was the wipe from the living room front window trough (sample 5; Figure 1, Case 1). The sample closest to the second blood isotope (sample 13) was the wipe from the child’s window jamb paint (sample 10), with the wipe from the child’s bedroom window trough (sam- ple 4) as a close second match. Samples 5 and 10 remained the best matches to the
Case 1 Case 1 involved a female at 24 months with a BLL of 12 µg/dl. The risk assessment found lead-based paint on the windows, doors, walls, and trim of the home. The highest lead concentrations were from the door- stop in the living room (20 mg/cm 2 ) and
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Volume 85 • Number 9
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