Hurricane Response Guide for Environmental Public Health Professionals
Pro Tips Must Know Follow water safety professionals and understand coastal United States Lifesaving Association (USLA) flag warnings that may coincide with EPH conditions of interest. Vibrio Vibrio is a genus of bacteria that naturally inhabit certain coastal waters, including salt water and brackish water (a mixture of saltwater and freshwater often found where rivers meet the ocean). These bacteria are more prevalent during the warmer months of May through October when water temperatures are higher. Approximately 12 species of Vibrio can cause a human illness called vibriosis. In the United States, the most common species responsible for human illness are: 1. Vibrio parahaemolyticus 2. Vibrio vulnificus 3. Vibrio alginolyticus Vibriosis is the term used to describe the illness caused by infection with Vibrio bacteria. The severity and symptoms of vibriosis can vary depending on the specific Vibrio species involved and the individual’s health status. Best Practices Recreational Surface Water Sampling 1. Know your jurisdiction’s regulations and lab capacity. Research and familiarize yourself with the specific bacteriological indicators, sample methodology, and bacteria indicator levels used in your area to determine public health risks. Be aware that criteria may vary for different named surface water bodies or recreational sites. 2. Understand common indicators. Fecal coliform, E. coli , and enterococci bacteria counts are the most commonly used indicators for surface water sampling. Some water bodies may be routinely sampled through federal or STLT programs using one or more of these indicators. 3. Consider background levels. When evaluating the extent and effects of a sewage spill, consider the available background levels of bacteria in the affected water body or site. 4. Tailor sample methodology to the site. Base your sampling methodology on historic sampling results and established baselines for the specific site. Remember that one-time grab samples can provide an idea of current conditions but do not allow for the evaluation of normal bacteria levels. 5. Act quickly to protect public health. If a sewage spill has contacted an open water body, advise the public immediately without waiting for lab results. Remember that sample results will take time, and you may need to collect subsequent samples while waiting for the initial results.
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