Responding to Indoor Mold Concerns: A Resource for Environmental Public Health Professionals
What are the important steps for getting rid of and preventing mold?
Should I use bleach to clean up mold? Routine use of bleach or other mold-killing chemicals is not recommended. Completely sterilizing an area is usually unnecessary and not possible. Some mold spores can remain after cleanup, but they will not grow if moisture problems are fixed. It is also important to physically remove mold rather than only killing it, because dead mold can still cause allergic reactions (U.S. EPA, 2025). In some cases, using bleach during mold cleanup may be considered, especially when building occupants have weakened immune systems or mold allergies. Bleach can reduce mold spores and mycotoxin levels and can break down allergenic proteins, which might help reduce allergic reactions (Chen & Eggleston, 2001; Wilson et al., 2004). Bleach works best on nonporous surfaces such as tile or sealed countertops. It is less effective on porous materials like drywall, wood, and fabric. If bleach is used, mix no more than 1 cup of household bleach with 1 gallon of water. Make sure the area is well ventilated and never mix bleach with ammonia or other cleaning products. Wear protective gear such as rubber gloves, boots, and goggles (CDC, 2024). Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and safety guidelines when using bleach or other mold-killing chemicals.
The most important steps for getting rid of and preventing mold are to eliminate moisture sources and safely clean up visible mold. Repair leaks and structural problems promptly, maintain good ventilation, and keep indoor humidity between 30% and 50%. Dry water-damaged materials within 24–48 hr and discard porous items that stay wet. If the water or moisture source is suspected to contain fecal contamination, hazardous chemicals, or other contaminants, affected materials should be discarded. Clean hard surfaces with detergent and water, using disinfectants as needed, and wear appropriate protective gear such as an N95 respirator, gloves, and goggles. For mold-contaminated areas larger than 10 ft², U.S. EPA recommends hiring a qualified remediation professional.
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