R esearchers have identified over 600 organic compounds in the smoke generated by burned or vaporized tissue. Many of the identified compounds have documented harmful health effects, including irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat; liver and kidney damage; carcinogenic cell changes, headaches; and dizziness and drowsiness (Ubelacker, 2009). 5. Though there are other types of BRANDING, STRIKE BRANDING and BRANDING using a THERMAL CAUTERY UNIT (TCU) are the only two that can be safely conducted and regulated in a BODY ART ESTABLISHMENT. STRIKE BRANDING is a process by which a BODY ARTIST heats metal and applies it to the CLIENT’S skin. Electrocautery is a process by which a BODY ARTIST uses a TCU, which generates heat via direct or alternating current passing through a resistant metal wire electrode. 6. For STRIKE BRANDING, only nongalvanized metal should be used. Galvanization is the process of applying a zinc coating to metal. Materials containing coated or plated metals can chip or wear off and imbed into the skin, causing metal poisoning and other adverse effects that can require extensive treatment or surgery to remedy (Skin Artists, n.d.). Galvanized metal can produce toxic fumes, the overexposure to which can cause metal fume fever, which is also referred to as zinc chills, zinc shakes, or galvanize poisoning (Langill, 1996). Additionally, galvanized metal does not heat evenly and might only produce second-degree burns, whereas third-degree burns are necessary for safe and effective BRANDING.
7. PROPYLENE GAS must be used for BRANDING PROCEDURES, as it is nontoxic and has superior combustion performance compared to propane gas (Linde, 2021).
4.4 Specific regulations for scarification 1. The client must be 18 years of age. Parental consent release forms do not apply. Scarification is a PROCEDURE that should not be performed on people under the age of 18. 2. SCARIFICATION processes involve cutting into the skin and mucus membranes, which increases the risk of exposure to and infection with BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. Proper personal protective equipment must be worn to reduce CONTAMINATION risk. BODY ARTISTS must wear disposable sleeves with elastic bands on each end to keep the sleeve in place and to keep out contaminants. 3. SCARIFICATION can create unhealthy airborne toxins. To protect against any harmful airborne byproducts and reduce the spread of airborne pathogens, the SCARIFICATION PROCEDURE AREA must be completely enclosed. 4. The SCARIFICATION PROCEDURE AREA must have an appropriately powerful ULTRAVIOLET AIR PURIFIER for the size of the room per the manufacturer’s instructions. Studies have shown that UV-C disinfection is highly effective at inactivating pathogens (Vatansever et al., 2013). According to FDA (2021a), UV-C radiation has been used effectively for decades to reduce the spread of bacteria, including tuberculosis.
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